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          Random-access memory Random Access Memory (RAM) provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's  memory , they usually mean its RAM. If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk. RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears. When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot  firmware  (called  BIOS  on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in  ROM  chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM. SDR, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 RAM Several types of RAM are used in modern computers. Before 2002, most computers

Hard disk drive A  hard disk drive  ( HDD ),  hard disk ,  hard drive  or  fixed disk [b]  is a  data storage device  that uses  magnetic storage  to store and retrieve  digital  information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks ( platters ) coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with  magnetic heads , usually arranged on a moving  actuator  arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. [2]  Data is accessed in a  random-access  manner, meaning that individual  blocks  of data can be stored or retrieved in any order and not only  sequentially . HDDs are a type of  non-volatile storage , retaining stored data even when powered off. [3] [4] [5] Hard disk drive Hard disk drive A hard disk is part of a  DEFINITION                           hard disk , often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagne

Motherboard: Definition A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices. The base of a motherboard consists of a very firm sheet of non-conductive material, typically some sort of rigid plastic. Thin layers of copper or aluminum foil, referred to as  traces , are printed onto this sheet. These traces are very narrow and form the circuits between the various components. In addition to circuits, a motherboard contains a number of sockets and slots to connect the other components.